Construction aggregates include sand, gravel, crushed stone, and other materials—all of which are used for applications like drainage, foundations, and as an ingredient in composite materials such as asphalt and concrete. These important uses give aggregates a critical role in the construction industry, impacting the cost of other building supplies, as well as the larger economy: a total of $35 billion of crushed stone and sand and gravel was produced in the U.S. last year.

While increasing costs of equipment and labor influence construction aggregate prices, local availability and transportation are critical drivers. Due to their weight and the large volumes required for projects, aggregates are most cost-effective when sourced close to their point of use through a local aggregate supplier.

All 50 states produce sand and gravel, and all but two produce crushed stone. However, variations in permitting regulations and community appetite for new quarry projects can complicate sourcing aggregates in certain areas. These shortages can increase costs through greater competition for supply or higher shipping expenses. As a result, the vast majority of states have seen large increases in the price of construction aggregates in recent years, and these price increases in construction aggregates are directly impacting building costs.

Methodology:

Researchers calculated the percentage change in the average price of 1) crushed stone and 2) sand and gravel (weighted by production quantity) between 2022 and 2019, the latest three year period available.

Results for Georgia:

• During the study period, crushed stone prices in Georgia rose 24.3%, while sand and gravel prices climbed 20.4%.

• Overall, construction aggregate prices in Georgia increased 24.6%—the 11th most of any U.S. state.

The analysis was conducted by Twisted Nail, a construction aggregate supply company based in Texas. For a complete breakdown of production and price figures of both crushed stone and sand & gravel for all 50 states, check out the full report.